The definition of AI system is a machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy. These systems can generate output, such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments. This definition is a key element of the AI Act, which aims to regulate the use of AI in the European Union.
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It's important to note that the definition includes both explicit and implicit objectives. Explicit objectives are those that are explicitly programmed into the system, while implicit objectives are those that the system may learn over time based on the data it analyzes.
The definition of AI system is intended to provide a clear and comprehensive description of what qualifies as an AI system under the AI Act. This definition will help ensure that the regulation applies to all AI systems that have the potential to cause harm, while also providing clarity to businesses and organizations that are developing and deploying AI systems.
In the next chapter, we'll explore the implications of the definition and how it will be used to regulate AI systems in the European Union.
Key Elements of the AI System Definition
The second chapter of the definition of an AI system delves deeper into the key elements that define an AI system. According to the definition, an AI system is a machine-based system that is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy. This means that an AI system can operate independently or semi-independently, depending on the level of autonomy built into the system.
Additionally, the definition states that an AI system can generate output such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing physical or virtual environments. This means that an AI system can analyze data and use that analysis to make predictions or recommendations about a particular situation. It can also make decisions based on that data analysis and influence physical or virtual environments accordingly.
The key elements of an AI system include:
- Machine-Based System: An AI system is a machine-based system, which means that it is designed to run on a computer or other electronic device. The system can consist of hardware, software, or a combination of both.
- Autonomy: An AI system operates with varying levels of autonomy. This means that it can operate independently or semi-independently, depending on the level of autonomy built into the system.
- Output: An AI system can generate output such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments. This means that the system can analyze data and use that analysis to make predictions or recommendations about a particular situation. It can also make decisions based on that data analysis and influence physical or virtual environments accordingly.
- Explicit or Implicit Objectives: An AI system can generate output for explicit or implicit objectives. Explicit objectives are those that are stated or clearly defined, while implicit objectives are those that are not clearly defined or are inferred from other factors.
- Physical or Virtual Environments: An AI system can influence physical or virtual environments. Physical environments include the real world, while virtual environments include computer-generated environments.
The key elements of an AI system outlined in Chapter 2 of the definition are important because they help to define the scope of the EU's AI rulebook. By defining what an AI system is and what it can do, lawmakers can create regulations that are tailored to this specific technology. This can help to protect consumers, promote innovation, and ensure that AI is used in a responsible and ethical manner.
The Scope of the AI Act
The definition of artificial intelligence as agreed upon by the European Parliament will have significant consequences as it will define the scope of the EU’s AI rulebook. In Chapter 3, we will explore the scope of the AI Act and how it will regulate AI systems.
According to the AI Act, the regulation will apply to AI systems that are used in the EU market or that affect people in the EU. The regulation will also apply to AI systems that are developed outside the EU but are used in the EU market.
The AI Act will distinguish between two categories of AI systems: high-risk and non-high-risk systems. High-risk AI systems are those that pose significant risks to the health and safety of individuals or that have a high potential for causing harm. Examples of high-risk AI systems include those used in critical infrastructure, transportation, and healthcare.
Non-high-risk AI systems, on the other hand, are those that do not pose significant risks to the health and safety of individuals. Examples of non-high-risk AI systems include those used in entertainment or for personal use.
For high-risk AI systems, the AI Act imposes several obligations on their developers and users. These obligations include ensuring the safety and accuracy of the AI system, providing documentation and information to users, and keeping records of the AI system's use and performance.
In addition, high-risk AI systems must undergo a conformity assessment to ensure that they meet the requirements of the AI Act. The conformity assessment will involve a review of the AI system's design, testing, and documentation.
Non-high-risk AI systems are subject to a lighter-touch regulatory regime. However, the AI Act requires their developers and users to comply with certain transparency and disclosure requirements. For example, non-high-risk AI systems must provide users with clear and understandable information about the AI system's capabilities and limitations.
The AI Act aims to ensure that AI systems are developed and used in a safe and responsible manner. By regulating AI systems according to their risk level, the AI Act seeks to balance the need for innovation and growth with the need to protect individuals from the potential harms of AI systems.